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As in many other developing countries, hunger and poverty in Vietnam has existed for a significant amount of time. Until the 1980s, most of the Vietnamese population still lived under the poverty line. However, thanks to the political and economic reform in 1986 and the government’s commitment, the status of poverty and hunger in Vietnam has been significantly improved. From one of the poorest countries in the World with per capita income below US $100 per year, Vietnam is now a middle income country with per capita income of US $1,910 by the end of 2013.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Vietnam Overview )〕 Thereby, the poverty rate decreases gradually from 58 percent in 1993 to 28.9 percent in 2002, 14.5 percent in 2008 and 12 percent in 2011. About 28 million people are estimated to have been lifted out of poverty over approximately two decades.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Programme 135 - Sharing lessons on poverty reduction and development schemes for ethnic minorities in Vietnam )〕 The 2014 Global Hunger Index (GHI) Report ranked Vietnam 15th amongst 81 nations suffering from hunger, with a GHI of 7.5 compared with 27.7 in 1990 (country with extremely alarming (GHI ≥ 30), alarming (GHI between 20.0 and 29.9) or serious (GHI between 10.0 and 19.9) hunger situation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=2014 Global Hunger Index Map )〕 Achievements in poverty reduction and hunger eradication have been highly appreciated by the international community and viewed overall as successful in furthering economic development. However, Vietnam still has many tasks ahead in fighting against poverty reduction and hunger eradication, particularly for vulnerable groups such as ethnic minorities, and the disabled. ==Poverty and demographics== There are a wide range of causes of poverty, however poverty derives mostly from demographic elements: * The majority of the poor are farmers. In 1998 almost 80 percent of the poor worked in agriculture. * The majority of the poor live in rural, isolated, mountainous or disaster prone areas, where physical infrastructure and public service are relatively undeveloped.〔 * The poor often lack production means and cultivated land.〔 * They have limited access to the state credit and often access through back credit with very high interest .〔 * The households often have many children but few laborers .〔 * The poor are disproportionately likely to be from an ethnic minority. The percentage of households with heads coming from ethnic minorities increased from 17,8 percent in 1993 to 40,7 percent in 2008.〔 * The poor have limited education: people who have not completed primary education account for the highest rate of poverty.〔 * Rural households consisting of only women and children are particularly vulnerable to poverty because the number of dependents is relatively high compared with the available labor force.〔... 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Poverty in Vietnam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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